Приступая к поглощению выражения,
ознакомьтесь с блюдом - прочтите выражение, прочтите описание
выражения по-английски. Прочтите английское предложение,
использующее выражение. Ознакомьтесь с историей его появления в
английском языке.
Прочтите русско-английские предложения, где
выражение используется в качестве основного ингредиента,
обрамленного русскоязычным гарниром. Прочтите предложение вслух,
почувствуйте контекст, в котором используется выражение. Прочтите
ещё раз и ещё раз – добейтесь исчезновения барьера между английскими и
русскими словами.
Ещё раз, как настоящий гурман, полюбуйтесь
выражением. Каково оно на вкус? Разжуйте и проглотите его, навсегда
запоминая его вкус, запах, вид и звучание!
Перевод
выражения дается на дне страницы выпуска. Не
подглядывать!
Очень полезный приём - в течение дня вставляйте в
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друзьями, членами семьи. Внимание - польза от этого упражнения заметно
снижается при попытке выполнить его во время разговора с вашим
начальником.
В
предыдущем выпуске мы дали определение идиоме. В этом выпуске поясняется,
что такоефразовые глаголы, в
следующем выпуске будет дано определение пословицы. Отметим, что ранее мы
уже приводили очень полезные Формулы формирования фразовых
глаголов . В настоящем
выпуске мы повторяем указанные формулы и даём развернутое определение этой
полезнейшей грамматической конструкции английского языка - с тем, чтобы
последующие выпуски, в которых мы будем знакомить вас с фразовыми
глаголами, имели линки уже на этот выпуск рассылки.
♦ Phrasal Verb Formulas ♦
The
formulas tell you about how to use the phrasal verbs.
V = verb
N = noun
ADV = adverb particle
PRON = pronoun
PREP = preposition
For
example, the phrasal verb 'look up', when it means 'search for information
about something in a reference book', is a separable phrasal verb and has
the following formula;
V+ADV+N
V+N+ADV
V+PRON+ADV
V+PREP+N
V+ADV+PREP+N
Example sentences:
He looked up the word in his dictionary.
V+ADV+N, look + up + (the) word
He looked the word up in his dictionary.
V+N+ADV, look + (the) word + up
He looked it up in his dictionary.
V+PRON+ADV, look + it + up
('He
looked up it' (V+ADV+PRON) is not possible)
I ran into my friend in a restaurant
yesterday.
V+PREP+N, ran+into+(my) friend
The boy is running around with a bad group
of people.
V+ADV+PREP+N, running+around+with+(a bad)
group
Did
you know?
The
particle 'up' is used in over 500 different phrasal verbs, and it is the
commonest particle. It's general its meaning is concerned with movement
from a low to high position, but it has many other uses too.
Perhaps
the best thing to do is to treat each phrasal verb as a single verb with a
particular meaning in a particular context – learning lots of phrasal
verbs with 'up' will just be confusing.
Example sentences:
He
looked up the word in his dictionary (this is the adverb
particle 'up', where 'look up' means 'find information in a reference book
or database').
Look up! There is an aeroplane in the sky! (this
is the verb 'look' and the preposition 'up' to tell us which direction to
look).
Things
are looking up! (this means, 'Things are
improving').
He
looked up to his father. (This means, 'admired his
father').
In a
sentence like
He looked up and saw an
aeroplane ( airplane) 'look up' is not a true phrasal
verb; it is the verb 'look' with the preposition 'up', which
tells us the direction he looked.
What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is
a verb which is a combination of a verb and an adverb, a verb and a
preposition, and a verb with an adverb and a preposition. It can have a
literal meaning that is easy to understand because the meaning is clear
from the words that are used in the phrasal verb itself. It can also have
an idiomatic meaning which cannot easily be understood by looking at the
words themselves.
The following examples contain a literal meaning and an
idiomatic meaning:
to run
along with (someone or something) - to run beside or at the
same pace as someone or something
The dog ran
along with the bicycle.
to run
around with (someone) - to be friends and do things with
someone or with a group The boy is running
around with a bad group of people.
Some idiomatic expressions are made
with a phrasal verb plus some other words. These words are used in a fixed
order to give an idiomatic meaning.
to run
(verb) around (adverb) like a chicken with its head cut off -
to run around with what seems to be no purpose I ran around like a chicken with its head cut off as I tried
to prepare for my holidays.