В сообщении от 2 Март 2004 04:41 Rygoravich написал(a):

> В догонку: нашел среди доков на венике некий POSIX FAQ на английском
> языке. Наверное, сохранил когда-то из сети, а потом и забыл. Может
> быть, кто-нибудь более грамотный (т.е. понимающий по-английски),
> прочитав, растолкует и мне, о чем речь идет?

> Last Updated : Feb 3 2003: freq.ques,v 1.6
По ссылке я скачал последнюю версию FAQ и начал ее переводить.
Завтра-послезавтра закончу.

Здравствуйте Андрей,

1 марта 2004 г. вы писали на тему секреты:

А> Меня интересует такая вешь как TELNET и есть ли ему практическое применение
А> и вообще им кто пользуется ?
А> gurman***@c*****.ru

Посмотрите здесь.
http://www.ricc.kz/usr/parasang/HELP/internet/telnet.html

Hello Rygoravich,

Tuesday, March 2, 2004, you wrote:
R> В сообщении от 29 Февраль 2004 04:07 Alexander aka KAA написал(a):
R> Есть конкретные наметки - от какой оси какую часть позаимствовать?
Нет. Все надо обсуждать с народом, а потом решения принимать. А сперва
надо народ собрать. Я не идиот, чтобы все в одиночку делать.
R> Русский перевод "Linux from Scratch" нужен?
Все, что касаемо созданию осей, кидай на kret***@n*****.net чтобы я
понял, где чьи лапы и хвосты.
R> В принципе, в основном там идет речь о создании ОС с нуля, т.е.
R> базовые функции ядра и т.п.
Круто. Такое и надо
>> ;) Полурабочую версию сайта выложил на www.rdtc.ru/~kretos.
>> Заходите. Жду конструктивной критики.

R> На днях забегу.
Мне выложить объемный стол рабочий на сайте для винды? 20М весит.
Жду критики сайта, чтобы улучшить дизайн. А то все только на
восхищения изошли :)
ps: Давайте еще поизощряемся на тему идеальной оси.
Например, я хочу чтобы в оси работали абслютное большинство
приложений. На то оно и надо. И игры объемные. Под линукс есть, но
мало. А гонок объемных вообще не ма :(

В сообщении от 1 Март 2004 13:34 Alexander aka KAA написал(a):

> А также вопрос ко всем: что такое Posix и с чем его едят? Ссылки на
> кулинарные руководства прошу швырять в ящик.

В догонку: нашел среди доков на венике некий POSIX FAQ на английском
языке. Наверное, сохранил когда-то из сети, а потом и забыл. Может
быть, кто-нибудь более грамотный (т.е. понимающий по-английски),
прочитав, растолкует и мне, о чем речь идет?

POSIX(R) 1003.1 Frequently Asked Questions

Last Updated : Feb 3 2003: freq.ques,v 1.6

This is the Frequently Asked Questions file for the POSIX 1003.1
standard (IEEE Std 1003.1). Its maintainer is Andrew Josey (ajosey at
The Open Group ). Suggestions and contributions are always welcome.

This document can be found on the world wide web at
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/papers/posix_faq.html.

This article includes answers to the following.

Q0. What is POSIX? What is POSIX.1?
Q1. What is the Portable Application Standards Committee (PASC)?
Q2. What is the Austin Group?
Q3. What is the latest version of POSIX.1?
Q4. Where can I download the 1003.1 standard from?
Q5. What are the restrictions on the 1003.1 standard drafts and the
full standard?
Q6. How do I become a participant in the development of the POSIX.1
standard?
Q7. What happened to the existing POSIX 1003.1-1990 and POSIX
1003.2-1992 standards when this revision completed?
Q8. What is the history of IEEE POSIX 1003.1 System Application
Interface (C API) ?
Q9. What is the IEEE POSIX 1003.2 Shell and Utilities?
Q10. What are the IEEE POSIX Standards for Real-time?
Q11. How does the 1003.1 standard compare to the Linux Standard Base?
Q12. What options are there in the POSIX.1 standard?
Q13. What are the core technical changes in the latest POSIX.1
standard over 1003.1-1990 and 1003.2-1992?
Q14. What about POSIX Certification?
Q15. How do I report a bug in the POSIX.1 standard?
Q16. How do I add a question to this FAQ?
Q0. What is POSIX? What is POSIX.1?

POSIX is a registered trademark of the IEEE.

POSIX is an acronym for Portable Operating System Interface.

Although originated to refer to the original IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, the
name POSIX more correctly refers to a family of related standards:
IEEE Std 1003.n (where n is a number) and the parts of ISO/IEC 9945.
The term POSIX was originally used as a synonym for IEEE Std
1003.1-1988. A preferred term for that standard, POSIX.1, emerged.
This maintained the advantages of readability of the symbol ``POSIX''
without being ambiguous with the POSIX family of standards.

For a full listing of the project numbers see PASC Standing Document
SD11.

The name POSIX was suggested by Richard Stallman. It is expected to be
pronounced pahz-icks, as in positive, not poh-six, or other
variations. The pronunciation has been published in an attempt to
promulgate a standardized way of referring to a standard operating
system interface.

The latest version of the POSIX.1 standard is IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003
Edition, developed by the Austin Group (see later). For further
information on the background, audience and purpose of POSIX.1 see
the following document:

URL:http://www.opengroup.org/austin/papers/backgrounder.html.

Q1. What is the Portable Application Standards Committee (PASC)?

The IEEE Computer Society's Portable Application Standards Committee
(PASC) is the group that has and continues to develop the POSIX
family of standards. Historically, the major work has been undertaken
within Project 1003 (POSIX) with the best known standard being IEEE
Std 1003.1 (also known as POSIX 1003.1, colloquially termed "dot 1").
The goal of the PASC standards has been to promote application
portability at the source code level.
Q2. What is the Austin Group?

The Austin Common Standards Revision Group (CSRG) is a joint technical
working group established to develop and maintain the latest version
of the 1003.1 standard which combined and revised ISO/IEC
9945-1,1996 edition, ISO/IEC 9945-2, 1993 Edition, IEEE Std
1003.1,1996 edition, IEEE Std 1003.2, 1992 edition and the
appropriate parts of the Single UNIX Specification.

See http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ for more information.

Q3. What is the latest version of POSIX.1?

The 2003 edition of the 1003.1 standard was published on March 31st
2003, and updates the 2001 edition of the standard to include
Technical Corrigendum 1 (TC1). The 2003 Edition is formally known as:

IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition
The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 6

Includes IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002

and its worth noting that within the text the standard is still
referred to as IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.

POSIX.1 is also an international standard, and ISO/IEC publication
occurred on August 18 2003, denoted as ISO/IEC 9945:2003. It
comprises four parts:

Part 1: Base Definitions
Part 2: System Interfaces
Part 3: Shell and Utilities
Part 4: Rationale

Q4. Where can I download the 1003.1 standard from?

The html version of the latest version of the standard (which
incorporates technical corrigendum 1) is freely available to read and
download from: URL:http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/, you need to
register for a copy.

A summary of the changes in Technical Corrigendum 1 is available from:
URL:http://www.opengroup.org/austin/docs/austin_155.txt.

The pdf text of just the Technical Corrigendum 1 (changes to the 2001
edition of the standard) is available from: URL:
http://www.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/u057.htm .

PDF copies of the final standard can also be obtained either from The
IEEE (search on 1003.1-2001) , The Open Group (Look for documents
T031,C031,C032,C033,C034) or ISO (look for ISO/IEC 9945 parts 1 thru
4). It is freely available in pdf format to members of the Open Group
from the Open Group publications catalog. If you wish to signup up
your organization to become a member of The Open Group and are an
active participant you can sign up for no fee at
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ogmembers/ (note this is for
companies and organizations only). If you want to join as an
individual please contact Andrew Josey directly, he can then add you
as an individual affiliate member.

Ongoing draft specifications for the technical corrigenda are
available online from the Austin Group web site at
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ . You need to be a member of the
Austin Group. Information on how to join the group is on the web
site.

URL: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/. (Austin Group Home Page)

Q5. What are the restrictions on the 1003.1 standard drafts and the
full standard?

See the copyright notice on the documents and the notice at
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/login.html . Downloading the draft is
taken as agreement to abide by the stated terms and conditions. In
brief you need to be a participant in the Austin Group in order to
download the drafts.

URL: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/login.html (Copyright Notice)

Note also that the IEEE and The Open Group have granted permission to
several open source projects to incorporate materials from the
standard. All queries regarding permission to reproduce sections of
the standard should be sent to austin-group-permissions at Open Group
. Permission needs to be granted by both copyright holders, The IEEE
and The Open Group.

The IEEE and The Open Group position on implementations of the
standard is as follows: "it is fair use of the standard for
implementors to use the names, labels etc contained within the
specification. The intent of publication of the standard is to
encourage implementations of the standard. Your attention is drawn to
the disclaimer regarding verification of patents when implementing
the standard."

Q6. How do I become a participant in the POSIX.1 Working Group?

To participate you need to join the Austin Group. See
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/lists.html for more information.

URL: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/lists.html. (How to Join the
Austin Group)

Q7. What happened to the existing POSIX 1003.1-1990 and POSIX
1003.2-1992 standards when this revision completed?

Since the material contained in the existing POSIX 1003.1 and POSIX
1003.2 standards is merged into the revision, POSIX 1003.1-1990 and
its amendments, and POSIX 1003.2-1992 and its amendments were
administratively withdrawn by the IEEE.

Q8. What is the history of the IEEE POSIX 1003.1 System Application
Interface (C API) ?

Historically, POSIX 1003.1 has been the base standard upon which the
POSIX family of standards has been built. In keeping with its
original focus on the UNIX system, it is aimed at interactive
timesharing computing environments.

The first edition of IEEE Std 1003.1 was published in 1988. Subsequent
editions were published in 1990, 1996 and 2001. The 1990 edition was
a revision to the 1988 edition and became the stable base standard
onto which further amendments were added. The 1990 edition was also
approved as an international standard, ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990.

The 1996 edition added the IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, IEEE Std
1003.1c-1995, and 1003.1i-1995 amendments to the base standard,
keeping the stable core text unchanged. The 1996 edition of IEEE Std
1003.1 was also approved as an international standard, ISO/IEC
9945-1:1996.

In 1998 the first real-time profile standard, IEEE Std 1003.13-1998
was published, enabling POSIX to address embedded real-time
applications and smaller footprint devices.

In 1999 the decision was taken to commence the first major revision to
the core base standard in ten years, including a merger with the
1003.2 standards for Shell and Utilities which had been a separate
standard up to this point . It was agreed that this work be
undertaken by the Austin Group. As part of this decision the PASC
decided to cease rolling amendments to the base standard after
completion of IEEE Stds 1003.1a, 1003.1d, 1003.1g, 1003.1j, 1003.1q,
and 1003.2b. These projects were rolled into the 2001 edition of IEEE
Std 1003.1. It was decided to convert other projects in progress to
standalone documents.

Q9. What is IEEE POSIX 1003.2 Shell and Utilities?

This standard defines a standard source level interface to the shell
and utility functionality required by application programs, including
shell scripts. This standard has been incorporated into the latest
revision of POSIX 1003.1 and thus a POSIX.2 standard no longer
exists.

Q10. What are the IEEE POSIX Standards for Real-time?

The PASC Real-time System Services Working Group (SSWG-RT) has
developed a series of standards that amend IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 and a
profile standard (IEEE Std 1003.13-1998).

The Real-time amendments to IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 are as follows:

* IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993 Realtime Extension
* IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995 Threads
* IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999 Additional Realtime Extensions
* IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000 Advanced Realtime Extensions
* IEEE Std 1003.1q-2000 Tracing

These have all been folded in as options within the revision project
undertaken by the Austin Group in producing IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.

The Real-time profile is known as IEEE Std 1003.13-1998. At the time
of writing there is a revision to IEEE Std 1003.13-1998 in progress
to align it with IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, this project current known as
IEEE P1003.13-200x.

Q11. How does the POSIX.1 standard compare to the Linux Standard Base?

The POSIX.1 standard specifies application programming interfaces
(APIs) at the source level, and is about source code portability. Its
neither a code implementation nor an operating system, but a stable
definition of a programming interface that those systems supporting
the specification guarantee to provide to the application programmer.
Efforts such as the Linux Standard Base, and similarly the iBCS2 for
x86 implementations of System V, are primarily about binary
portability and define a specific binary implementation of an
interface to operating system services. In general they build upon
the foundations of the POSIX standard.

Q12. What options are there in the POSIX.1 standard?

For a good description of the modular options in the POSIX.1 standard
see URL: http://people.redhat.com/~drepper/posix-option-groups.html

Q13. What are the core technical changes in the latest POSIX.1
standard over 1003.1-1990 and 1003.2-1992?

The main changes are as follows: alignment with ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (ISO
C), support for IPv6, integration of recent POSIX realtime amendments
( 1003.1d, 1003.1j, 1003.1q), amendments to the core POSIX
functionality from the 1003.2b and 1003.1a amendments, application of
technical corrigendum from The Open Group and IEEE interpretations,
revision of options , removal of obsolescent and legacy interfaces.

Q14. What about POSIX Certification?

In November 2003, The IEEE and The Open Group launched a new program
extending POSIX(R) Certification for the 2003 Edition of IEEE Std
1003.1.

For the full announcement see:
http://www.opengroup.org/press/03nov03.htm.

For a summary of web references for the new program see:
http://www.opengroup.org/certification/idx/posix.html.

The program includes a product standard for each type of product that
can be certified within the POSIX Certification Program. In this
initial iteration of the certification program these are as follows:

* 1003.1-2003 Base Product Standard: This is a profile product
standard that comprises the mandatory functionality from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition. It is comprised of two component product
standards.
* 1003.1-2003 System Interfaces Product Standard: This is a
component product standard for the mandatory system interfaces and
headers related functionality from IEEE Std 1003.1.
* 1003.1-2003 Shell and Utilities Product Standard: This is a
component product standard for the mandatory shell and utilities
related functionality from IEEE Std 1003.1.

A product can be certified against one or more product standards and
the program allows for two levels of certification: Platform Specific
Certification, which applies to a single defined hardware and
software environment, and Product Family Certification, which applies
to all members of a binary-compatible family.

The POSIX trademark can be optionally licensed for use in association
with certified products meeting the 10003.1-2003 Base Product
Standard. The POSIX certification system is a web-based workflow
system designed to lead applicants through the process to submit a
product for certification. The two POSIX Conformance test suites,
VSX-PCTS2003 and VSC-PCTS2003, are freely available to organizations
that register to apply for certification.

More information about the program, including all supporting
documentation is found at http://posixcertified.ieee.org/.

Q15. How do I report a bug in the POSIX.1 standard?

To report a bug in the POSIX.1 standard please complete the defect
report form at http://www.opengroup.org/austin/defectform.html.

Q16. How do I add a question to this FAQ?

Send the question (preferably with a proposed answer) to Andrew Josey.

Вот так-то вот...

Привет

> В сообщении от 29 Февраль 2004 12:41 land.ru написал(a):
>
> > Есть неплохой проект "Linux from Scratch". Позволяет собирать
собственный
> > дистрибутив под имеющуюся платформу и конкретное железо. По этому
принципу
> > можно пойти при разработке "Идеальной ОС". Далее: WindowsXP, Windows
2003
> > Server собраны по технологии "COM" - натуральный конструктор. В стадии
> > обкатки технология "NET" - тоже конструктор. Почему бы не взять эти
> > принципы за основу построения?
>
> А есть информация о том как работает Windows, как можно собрать что-то
> надежное, если не понятко как работают составные части?
> Если нет исходников программы, то и никакие манулалы не нужны.
>
Я не предлагаю брать составные части каких либо ОС. Я предлагаю только путь.
faeton


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В сообщении от 1 Март 2004 21:52 Sergey Petrelevich написал(a):

> > Русский перевод "Linux from Scratch" нужен?
>
> Да.
> Каким образом получить? Можно или ссылку или напрямую в ящик.

Да, вот только что нашел, откуда скачивал:
http://multilinux.sakh.com/download/lfsbook.tar.bz2
(135 кб).