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В выпуске N 228 от 21.07.2007


Сводки с эпидемического фронта
Дайджест: медицина сегодня
Уголок семейного здоровья
Medical News

Medical News

выпуск N 228 от 21.07.2007

Сервер медицинских новостей

В выпуске:

птичка

 Сорняк (амброзия полыннолистная) - Россия (Белгород)
птичка Scbies, Nosocomial - Russia (Tambov)
птичка Phosphorous Spill, Sickness - Ukraine
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Сорняк (амброзия полыннолистная) -  Россия (Белгород)
****************************************************************************  

Дата:  20  июля 2007
От: ПроМЕД-мэйл  Модератора НР
Источник:  Регион.ру , 1 9  июля 2007 [Модератор НР]
http://regions.ru/news/health/2086855

НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ БЕЛГОРОДА РАСПРОСТРАНИЛСЯ ОПАСНЫЙ СОРНЯК
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

На территории Белгорода распространился опасный карантинный сорняк - амброзия полыннолистная, причиняющая серьёзный вред здоровью человека.
На учёте в областной больнице уже состоит 904 больных белгородца, страдающих от пыльцы амброзии, сообщает "Бел.ру". Особо обильно амброзия произрастает на обочинах шоссейных и грунтовых дорог (обочины автострад Москва - Крым, Белгород - Шебекино, Белгород - Таврово), а также вдоль железнодорожного полотна. Засорены ею и отдельные улицы Белгорода, территории предприятий и дворов жилых массивов. Опасный сорняк в больших количествах произрастает на городских пустырях. Внешне это растение похоже на полынь обыкновенную (чернобыльник), но листья имеют более яркий зелёный цвет, сильную изрезанность и без характерного запаха полыни. В конце июля - начале августа амброзия зацветает. Пыльца разносится ветром на десятки километров, вызывая у людей тяжёлые хронические заболевания органов дыхания, бронхиальную астму, сенную лихорадку, коньюктивиты, риниты.


[Комментарий Мод. НР.  Белгородская область расположена на юго-западных склонах Средне-Русской возвышенности. Граничит с Курской, Воронежской областями и Украиной.   Расстояние от Белгорода до Москвы: 695 км. http://wgeo.ru/russia/reg31.shtml. - Mod.NR]

Scbies, Nosocomial - Russia (Tambov)
************************************************
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org

Date: Thu 19 Jul 2007
Source: Regnum News Agency [in Russian, trans. Corr.ATS, edited]
http://www.regnum.ru/news/857311.html

[The Tambov regional administration of Rospotrebnadzor (Territorial Directorate of the Federal Services for Consumer Protection and Human Welfare) communicated to IA Regnum that local authorities] had started an investigation in connection with the infection with scabies of more than 10 healthcare workers.

The infections occurred in the 3rd municipal hospital, which serves as a base for emergency care. A woman who died in the hospital because of pulmonary complications on 13 Jul 2007, was infected [according to unofficial reports] by Norwegian scabies, a disease, which is caused by the [scabies mite _Sarcoptes scabiei_.]

This disease occurs usually in weak and emaciated people, in patients with TB or HIV and in patients receiving steroids and cytostatics. A polymorphic eruption is typical for Norwegian scabies (papules, vesicles, pustules, chaps).

The crusts contain huge amounts of parasites in different stages of development (up to 200 in 1 sq. cm). It is assumed that the woman admitted from a village was the source of infection in the hospital. The quarantine was announced from 16 Jul 2007, and anti-epidemic treatment of the rooms and of personnel is under way.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
promed@promedmail.org

[Norwegian scabies is a rare disease and there are singular cases of it recorded in history. This report is not an official one and the diagnosis may not be reliable. - Mod.NR

Norwegian scabies is a well-known but rare disease usually seen in immunocompromised patients. It is easily treated with a single dose of ivermection, which is also the drug of choice in accidentally infected health care workers. - Mod.EP

[From ProMED: Scabies outbreak in SFO 19941219.0154 "This just overheard on Performance Today on National Public Radio: there has been an outbreak of scabies in members of the San Francisco Orchestra. Anyone have any details?  Are orchestras a high risk group?  Do the mites hide out in the chin pads the violinists use?  Does the string section, therefore, have a higher attack rate than the wind?  What about chamber groups?  Marching bands?  Jazz groups? Choirs?  Are the mites attracted to the supersonic or subsonic harmonics?  Where does one go to apply for a research grant on this?" - Mod.JW

Tambov Oblast, in the Central Federal District of Russia, can be located on the map at http://www.russiasregions.com/central_federal_district.html. - CopyEd.MJ]
Phosphorous Spill, Sickness - Ukraine
*********************************************
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org

Date: 17 Jul 2007
Source: The Tribune News.com [edited]
http://www.thenewstribune.com/tacoma/24hour/world/story/111751.html

A freight train derailed and released a cloud of toxic gas that sent at least 20 people to hospitals, an accident that touched nerves still raw more than 2 decades after the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.

Hundreds of people were evacuated, and others fled their homes on their own after the Monday [16 Jul 2007] evening derailment sparked a fire in a cargo of yellow phosphorous, creating a cloud of gas that affected 14 villages in the former Soviet republic.

20 people were hospitalized, although their lives were not in danger, said Defense Ministry spokesman Ihor Halyavinsky. Authorities later said that 6 had been released, although media reports said other people in the area sought medical help.

"A disaster has happened. After the Chernobyl catastrophe, we are dealing with (another) case that can pose a real threat for our people," said Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr Kuzmuk, who went to the area in the Lviv region. "It is an extraordinary event, the consequences of which cannot be predicted."

He later backtracked on the remark, and other officials took pains to stress that the situation was under control and the danger minimal.

"The cloud of a toxic gas dispersed, and there is no threat for people's lives," said Ihor Krol, spokesman for the Emergency Situations Ministry.

The train, en route from Kazakhstan to Poland, derailed near Lviv, and 15 of its 58 cars overturned, Krol said. Six of them caught fire, and the poison cloud spread over a 35-square-mile area containing 14 villages, he said.

Rescuers extinguished the blaze. Phosphorus compounds are chiefly used in fertilizers, although they are important components of pesticides, toothpaste, detergents as well as explosives and fireworks. The highly toxic substance can cause liver damage if consumed.

Emergency workers sprinkled contaminated land with soda and sand and tried to cool off the cars, Krol said.

Residents were advised to stay indoors, not to use water from wells, not to eat vegetables from their gardens [and not to] drink milk produced by their cows. Of the 11 000 people living in the contaminated area, 815 were evacuated, Krol said.

Media reports said other people had left the villages amid uncertainty about the effects of the accident.

On independent Channel 5 television, an elderly woman and a middle-aged man in one of the affected villages -- neither identified -- said authorities had not told them how to respond to the accident. "Doctors did not come to our village. I only saw advice about what to do on TV," the woman said.

Concerns about the government response to such accidents still lingers from the 1986 explosion and fire at the Chernobyl plant in Ukraine, then a Soviet republic. The Soviet government kept the world's worst civilian nuclear accident under wraps for days and played down the disaster long afterward.

Transport Minister Mykola Rudkovsky said a commission was working at the scene to determine the cause of the rail accident. A criminal case was opened, which is standard practice in former Soviet republics, and state railway agency director Volodymyr Kozak said sabotage had been ruled out.

Cars of the freight train continued to burn near Lviv on the Polish border Tuesday [17 Jul 2007]. 16 people were poisoned, 13 of whom were hospitalized, said Ihor Krol, the spokesman for the emergency situations ministry.

[Byline: Natasha Lisova]
 --
Communicated by:
Karyn L. Bischoff klb72@cornell.edu

[Other articles indicated television reports did not tell residents what to do other than to stay inside and to seal the house.  They reported that the extreme fear stemmed from lack of communication from the authorities. Signs of illness were not covered in the news announcements, and still other articles downplayed the illness, reporting that it was from giddiness.

It would be frightening to be told not to eat your vegetables or drink your water or your milk. There were no indications in any article that issues with animals -- cows, chickens, or swine -- as a food source were being addressed.

White or yellow phosphorus is a colorless, white, or yellow waxy solid with a garlic-like odor. It does not occur naturally, but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. The remainder of this comment will address white phosphorous, as the effects and uses are almost the same.

White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily catching fire at temperatures 10 to 15 degrees above room temperature. White phosphorus is used by the military in various types of ammunition, and to produce smoke for concealing troop movements and identifying targets. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and
other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. Small amounts of white phosphorus were used in the past in pesticides and fireworks.

White phosphorus can enter the environment when it is made, used in manufacturing or by the military, or accidentally spilled during transport and storage. It can be found in the water and bottom sediment of rivers and lakes near facilities that make or use it. In the air, white phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen to produce relatively harmless chemicals within minutes. In water, white phosphorus reacts with oxygen within hours or days. In water with low oxygen, white phosphorus may degrade to a highly toxic compound called phosphine, which eventually evaporates into the air and is changed to less harmful chemicals. White phosphorus can build up slightly in the bodies of fish that live in contaminated lakes or streams. In soil, white phosphorus may stick to particles and be changed within a few days to less harmful compounds. In deep soil or sediments with little oxygen, white phosphorus may remain unchanged for many years.

Little information is available about the health effects that may be caused by white phosphorus. Most of what is known about the effects of breathing white phosphorus is from studies of workers. Most of what is known about the effects of eating white phosphorus is from reports of people eating rat poison or fireworks that contained it. Breathing white phosphorus for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs. Breathing white phosphorus for long periods may cause a condition known as "phossy jaw," which involves poor wound healing of the mouth and breakdown of the jaw bone. Eating or drinking small amounts of white phosphorus may cause liver, heart, or kidney damage, vomiting, stomach cramps, drowsiness, or death.

We do not know what the effects are from eating or drinking very small amounts of white phosphorus-containing substances over long periods of time. Skin contact with burning white phosphorus may burn skin or cause liver, heart, and kidney damage. We do not know whether or not white phosphorus can affect the ability to have children or cause birth defects in people. There is no medical test that shows whether you have been exposed to white phosphorus.

Similar issues would be expected with farm animals. It is likely that there will be some problems for some time with various animals, including bovines, swine, and fowl. It would not be surprising to find that a number of avian species die from the fumes.

There are tests to tell what the concentrations are. Knowing the concentrations, it would be possible to calculate whether and when it would be safe to consume the vegetables or the animals, whether that is meat, milk or eggs.

It would be advisable for the producers to closely watch their animals for signs of illnesses. Also, since the fields where the
 animals graze may be contaminated, the fields are a source of possible continued exposure for the animals.

The minister may be right that this is a disaster. None of the articles about the incident detailed how many cattle, swine or avians may be affected.

Photos of the incident may be found at the following websites: http://www.thenewstribune.com/tacoma/24hour/world/story/111751.html,  http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/07/17/europe/EU-GEN-Ukraine-Contamination.php,
http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/07/17/ukraine-derail.html,
http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/07/950f8a3a-9bfc-4d07-bf44-866c766e6f42.html.

A map of the area may be seen at: http://www.traveltoukraine.org/images/map_ukraine.jpg.

Portions of this comment have been extracted from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts103.html. - Mod.TG]

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В поле зрения на 16.07.2007:

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