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Английский язык. Пополняем словарный запас. How Alcohol Works I


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Английский язык. Пополняем словарный запас.

Алексей ВИНИДИКТОВ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК.
Пополняем словарный запас.
ВЫПУСК #53
от 21 ноября 2002г.

How Alcohol Works. Part I

Сегодня в программе, то есть в номере, для истинных любителей великого и могучего английского языка - без комментариев и подсказок - первая часть статьи о вреде алкоголизма под кодовым названием How Alcohol Works.

Если у кого-то возникнут вопросы, связанные с пониманием текста, пишите, постараемся помочь. Итак, читаем...

How Alcohol Works

In 1997, Americans drank an average of 2 gallons (7.57 liters) of alcohol per person. This translates roughly into one six-pack of beer, two glasses of wine and three or four mixed drinks per week. About 35 percent of adults don't consume alcohol, so the numbers are actually higher for those who do -- alcohol is an amazingly popular social phenomenon.

If you have ever seen a person who has had too much to drink, you know that alcohol is a drug that has widespread effects on the body, and the effects vary from person to person. People who drink might be the "life of the party" or they might become sad and droopy. Their speech may slur and they may have trouble walking. It all depends on the amount of alcohol consumed, a person's history with alcohol and a person's personality.

What is Alcohol?

In order to understand alcohol's effects on the body, it is helpful to understand the nature of alcohol as a chemical, so let's take a look...

Here are several facts:

  • Alcohol is a clear liquid at room temperature.
  • Alcohol is less dense and evaporates at a lower temperature than water (this property allows it to be distilled -- by heating a water and alcohol mixture, the alcohol evaporates first).
  • Alcohol dissolves easily in water.
  • Alcohol is flammable (so flammable that it can be used as a fuel).
  1. Alcohol can be made by four different methods:
  • Fermentation of fruit or grain mixtures
  • Distillation of fermented fruit or grain mixtures (Spirits such as whiskey, rum, vodka and gin are distilled.)
  • Chemical modification of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas or coal (industrial alcohol)
  • Chemical combination of hydrogen with carbon monoxide (methanol or wood alcohol)

You will not find pure alcohol in most drinks; drinking pure alcohol can be deadly because it only takes a few ounces of pure alcohol to quickly raise the blood alcohol level into the danger zone. For various types of beverages, the ethanol concentration (by volume) is as follows:

  • Beer = 4 to 6 percent (average of about 4.5 percent)
  • Wine = 7 to 15 percent (average of about 11 percent)
  • Champagne = 8 to 14 percent (average of about 12 percent)
  • Distilled spirits (e.g. rum, gin, vodka, whiskey) = 40 to 95 percent

Most of the typical spirits purchased in liquor stores are 40 percent alcohol.
Some highly concentrated forms of rum and whisky (75 to 90 percent) can be purchased in liquor stores.
Some highly concentrated forms of whiskey (i.e. moonshine) can be made and/or purchased illegally.

In most U.S. states, you must be 21 years or older to buy alcoholic beverages, and there are penalties for serving or selling alcoholic beverages to minors.

Copyright http://www.howstuffworks.com

To be, как говорится, continued...

С наилучшими пожеланиями,

Алексей Винидиктов.


http://www.vinidiktov.ru - Open Book - обучающая программа для пополнения словарного запаса.

http://www.vinidiktov.ru/download.htm - здесь можно скачать последнюю русскоязычную версию программы Open Book

http://www.vinidiktov.com/download.htm - здесь можно скачать последнюю англоязычную версию программы Open Book (эта версия для тех, у кого некорректно отображаются шрифты в русскоязычной версии)

http://www.vinidiktov.ru/vocabularies.htm - словари для программы Open Book (более 70 англо-русских, а также словари ко многим другим языкам).


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