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А сегодня вы как всегда увидите:

1) Модальные глаголы (продолжение)
2) Устная тема о Великобритании
3) Диалоги на все случаи жизни
4) Анекдот
5) Кое-что интересное
6) Идиомы
7) Скороговорка
8) Упражнение
9) Продолжаем читать

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Модальные глаголы  вверх

Сегодня мы рассмотрим заменители модальных глаголов.
Модальные глаголы не употребляются без инфинитива. А это значит, что они не могут образовывать сложных форм с использованием вспомогательных глаголов.
 Чтобы передать будущее время (или построить другие сложные формы) модальных глаголов, берутся "заменители" которые имеют инфинитив.

can - to be able to (able - способный) - уметь, быть способным делать что-то, например:
He wiil be able to to do it - Он сможет сделать это.
he was able to do it - Он смог сделать это.
He is able to do it - Он способен делать это.

Нужно только не забывать, что can - to be able to употребляется когда человек может что-то делать по физическим способностям, а то иногда путают с другими глаголами и получается несуразица.

may - to be allowed to (to allow - разрешать) - иметь разрешение, возможность сделать что-то, например:
You will be allowed to go home - Ты сможешь (тебе будет разрешено) уйти домой.
I was allowed to take part in the discussion - Я смог (мне разрешили) принять участие в дискуссии
He is allowed to take the books - Ему разрешено брать эти книги.

must - to have to - должен, приходиться, вынужден.
-to be to - должен, обязан, положено (в будущем времени не употребляется)
Единственное различие этих заменителей - смысловой оттенок. Например фразу "Я должен поехать туда" можно перевести следующим образом, но у нее будет разный смысл:
I must go there - Я должен (обязательно, мне нужно) поехать туда
I am to go there - Я обязан (должен по плану, по договоренности) поехать туда.
I have to go there - Я вынужден поехать туда (должен вместо Н, который заболел)

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Education in Britain вверх
At the age of 16 pupils can leave school. But quite a lot of them want to continiue their education/ Only 1/3 of all leave school at 16 and look for a job. (The general level of unemployed is high today. Some of them find job immediately and many take part in training schemes (which means job combined with part-time college courses).
In England and Wales those who stay at school study just three subjects in preparation for taking A-level exams (Advanced Level).
These academic exams are set by the same examining boards that set GCSE exams. They're taken by pupils at the age of 18 years old, who wish to continue their education.
Universities usually select students on the basis of A-level results and an interview (students who wish to enter Oxford and Cambridge have to take certain exams). Those who have better A-level results are usually accepted.
Higher education has become more available in the second half of the 20th century. In 1960 there were less than 25 universities in Britain. By 1980 there were already more than 40, and by 1995 there were over a hundred institutions with university status.
Universities take the better students, that's why nearly all students complete their studies. The normal course of study lasts 3—4 years. Students are not supposed to take a job during the term. Unless their parents are rich, they receive a state grant, which covers most of their expenses, including the cost of accommodation. Quite a lot of students live on campus (or in college) or in rooms nearby.
However, nowadays the government reduces the amount of the students and encourages a system of top-up loans. That's why quite a lot of students can't afford to live in college and many more of them are forced to do a part-time job, but this reduces the traditionally high quality of British university education. And, in addition, the number of students from low-income families has been greatly reduced.
There are no great distinctions between different types of universities in Britain. But still there are some categories of them.
First of all, Oxbridge. Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the medieval period. These universities consist of semi-independent colleges, each of them having its own staff ("Fellows").
The "Fellows" teach the college students either one-to one or in very small groups. This system is unique in the world and known as tutorials in Oxford and supervisions in Cambridge.
Then, Scottish universities. By 1600 Scotland had 4 universities — Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St. Andrews. St. Andrews resembles Oxbridge very much. In the other three most of the students live at home or find their rooms in town. The process of study at these universities is very close to the continental one. There is less specialization than at Oxbridge.
During the 19th century various institutions of higher education (usually technical ones) were founded in the industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds.
Their buildings were of local brick, so they got the name "redbrick" universities. They contrasted chiefly with Oxford and Cambridge. At first, they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees. They became universities themselves. Now they accept students from all over the country. These universities are financed by local authority.
One of the developments in education in Britain is certainly the Open University. It was founded in 1971. Some people don't have an opportunity to study full-time, and this university allows them to study for degree. The university's courses are taught through television, radio and coursebooks. Its students work individually and with tutors, to whom they send their papers. The students discuss their work at meetings or through correspondence. In summer they attend short courses.

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At a Restaurant вверх

Waiter:Good evening.Two for dinner?      
B.B.:Yes,that's right.                  
W:Where would you like to sit?         
B.B.:Could we have a table near the window ,please?
W:Come with me,please(leading Boris  and his wife Vera to a table for two)   
B.B.:Could we have the menu?             
W:Certanly(waiter brings the menu and a wine list)                              
B.B.:We have to make up our  mind .We'll order in a few minutes.           
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B.B.:Do you want an appetizer,Vera? Oysters,lox,smoked herring,or avocado?  
Vera:Does it come with the dinner?       
B.B.:No,it's a la carte. 
Vera:Let's see....the dinner includes salad,an entree,vegetables and potatoes as side dishes,a dessert,and coffee. That's more than enough.  
B.B.:Okay.We'll order a dinner without  an appetizer.What about the entree? What would you like-veal,roast,beef,  steak,or chicken? 
Vera:We've had chicken at home rather often.When we eat  out ,I'd like to get something we don't have at home. As for me ,I'd like to have a steak.      B.B.:So would I.                         
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W:Are you ready to order now?   
B.B.:Yes.Can we begin with the salad?     
W.:Certainly,sir.What kind of dressing  would you like?                            
B.B.:Just olive oil and vinegar for both of us.  
W.:And for your entree?               
B.B.:Two steaks,please.                   
W.:Rare,medium,or well done? 
B.B.:Medium,please.                      
Vera:Is there a choice of vegetables  and potatoes?                           
W.:No,ma'm.We serve a daily special. Today you can have mashed potatoes. The vegetable of this  day is asparagus.
B.B.:It's all right with me .What about you,Vera?
Vera:It's okay.                   
W.:Would you like to see the wine list?  
B.B.:We'd like a carafe of Chablis.       
W.:Fine.Will you order your dessert now?  
B.B.:Can we order it later?              
W.:Of course.

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Anecdote вверх
The manager of a large office noticed a new man one day and told him to come into his office. "What is your name?" was the first
thing the manager asked the new guy. "John," the new guy replied.
The manager scowled, "Look, I don't know what kind of a namby-pamby place you worked at before, but I don't call anyone by his first name.
It breeds familiarity, and that leads to a breakdown in authority. I refer to my employees by their last name only - Smith, Jones, Baker
- that's all. I am to be referred to only as Mr. Robertson. Now that we got that straight, what is your last name?"
The new guy sighed and said, "Darling. My name is John Darling." "Okay, John, the next thing I want to tell you is..."

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It's interesting вверх

Traveling
Try this traveling quiz. Using the information given in the sentences try to make out who is going where, when, what for and by what means of transport.

1. Express to Paris leaves on the 24th of December.
2. Julia is going to marry.
3. Jane and Maggie are going together.
4. The bus to Madrid departs on Friday morning.
5. David booked a returned ticket to Congo.
6. The flight 14567 from London to Sidney takes off on Monday.
7. There is a good safari in Congo.
8. There is a scientific conference in New-York at weekend.
9. Bred is going by bus.
10. Mike starts on Friday.
11. David is taking a flight from the capital of Poland.
12. Sam prefers railroads.
13. Jane is going to visit her grandmother.
14. There is only one flight to Congo in June.
15. Julia is from Paris.
16. Maggie departs on Monday.
17. Mike goes on a business trip.
18. Bred is a scientist from Washington.
19. Paris is really beautiful at Christmas.
20. Julia's train starts tonight at 19.05.
21. There will be a wedding party in Venice tomorrow.
22. Mike takes a bus from Athens.
23. Granny lives in Sidney.

А вот здесь ответы (просто выделите эту область)

WHO	WHERE	WHEN	WHAT FOR	MEANS OF TRANSPORT
Sam	Paris	24th December	Christmas	Express
Julia	Venice	7.05 p.m.	To marry	Train
Mike	Madrid	Friday	Business trip	Bus
David	Congo	June	Safari	Train
Jane and Maggie	Sidney	Monday	To visit granny	Plane
Bred	New York	Weekend	Scientific conference	Bus

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Idioms  вверх

in the soup
- in serious trouble, in disorder
В очень серьезных проблемах, в беспорядке (Меня засосала опасная трясина.... или Парень, ты попал)

She is really in the soup now. She told her boss that she was sick but he saw her downtown shopping.

make ones mouth water
- look or smell very good, want to eat or drink very much
Аж слюнки текут!

The restaurant is supposed to be wonderful and every time that I see the menu it makes my mouth water.

nutty as a fruitcake
- crazy
Сумасшедший

He is a very nice man but he acts strange sometimes and I often think that he is as nutty as a fruitcake.

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Tongue Twisters  вверх

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck,
if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would,
if a woodchuck could chuck wood

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Exercise   вверх

Используйте заменители модальных глаголов в нужном времени.
He (придется) to go there.
I (смог) to do the work on time.
He (сможет) to do the work well
She (разрешила) to take the book.
You (должны будете) to help her
I (вынужден был) to help him.
I (обязан был) to correct the plan

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The Green Mile  вверх

For a moment I thought he was going to stick and there'd be real trouble, with Coffey standing there the whole time like the world's biggest stopped clock. Then Percy rammed his billy back into its hand-tooled holster-foolish damned vanitorious thing - and went stalking up the corridor. I don't remember which guard was sitting at the duty desk that day-one of the floaters, I guess - but Percy must not have liked the way he looked, because he growled, "You wipe that smirk off your shitepoke face or I'll wipe it off for you" as he went by. There was a rattle of keys, a momentary blast of hot sunlight from the exercise yard, and then Percy Wetmore was gone, at least for the time being. Delacroix's mouse ran back and forth from one of the little Frenchman's shoulders to the other, his filament whiskers twitching. "Be still, Mr. Jingles," Delacroix said, and the mouse stopped on his left shoulder just as if he had understood. "Just be so still and so quiet." In Delacroix's lilting Cajun accent, quiet came out sounding exotic and foreign - kwaht. "You go lie down, Del," I said curtly. "Take you a rest. This is none of your business, either!' He did as I said. He had raped a young girl and killed her, and had then dropped her body behind the apartment house where she lived, doused it with coal-oil, and then set it on fire, hoping in some muddled way to dispose of the evidence of his crime. The fire had spread to the building itself, had engulfed it, and six more people had died, two of them children. It was the only crime he had in him, and now he was just a mild-mannered man with a worried face, a bald pate, and long hair straggling over the back of his shirt-collar. He would sit down with Old Sparky in a little while, and Old Sparky would make an end to him ... but whatever it was that had done that awful thing was already gone, and now he lay on his bunk, letting his little companion run squeaking over his hands. In a way, that was the worst; Old Sparky never burned what was inside them, and the drugs they inject them with today don't put it to sleep. It vacates, jumps to someone else, and leaves us to kill husks that aren't really alive anyway. I turned my attention to the giant. "If I let Harry take those chains off you, are you going to be nice?" He nodded. It was like his head-shake: down , up, back to center. His strange eyes looked at me. There was a kind of peace in them, but not a kind I was sure I could trust. I crooked a finger to Harry, who came in and unlocked the chains. He showed no fear now, even when he knelt between Coffey's treetrunk legs to unlock the ankle irons, and that eased me some. It was Percy who had made Harry nervous, and I trusted Harry's instincts. I trusted the instincts of all my day-to-day E Block men, except for Percy. I have a little set speech I make to men new on the block, but I hesitated with Coffey, because he seemed so abnormal, and not just in his size. When Harry stood back (Coffey had remained motionless during the entire unlocking ceremony, as placid as a Percheron), I looked up at my new charge, tapping on the clipboard with my thumb, and said: "Can you talk, big boy?"

stick - застревать ram - задвигать, здесь: засовывать billy - дубинка damned - проклятая, здесь: дурацкая vanity - тщеславие stalk - красться growl  - рычать; скалиться wipe - вытирать smirk - ухмылка shitepoke - мерзкий blast - волна, прорыв back and forth - туда-сюда filament whiskers - тоненькие усики lilting -мелодичный curt - резкий drop - сбросить douse - обливать coal-oil - бензин muddlу- путать dispose - избавляться evidence - доказательство engulf  -  охватывать mild-mannered - кроткий bald pate - лысина на макушке shirt-collar - ворот на рубашке bunk - койка squeak- пищать vacate -освобождать husk - оболочка, шелуха giant - великан nod - кивать trust - доверие crook a finger - манить пальцем fear - страх kneel - приседать treetrunk - стволоподобный eased me - мне стало легче hesitate - колебаться, сомневаться abnormal - ненормальный motionless - неподвижный entire - весь tap - постукивать

to be continiued...

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Harry Potter вверх

"How did you know it was me?" she asked. "My dear Professor, I 've never seen a cat sit so stiffly." "You'd be stiff if you'd been sitting on a brick wall all day," said Professor McGonagall. "All day? When you could have been celebrating? I must have passed a dozen feasts and parties on my way here." Professor McGonagall sniffed angrily. "Oh yes, everyone's celebrating, all right," she said impatiently. "You'd think they'd be a bit more careful, but no — even the Muggles have noticed something's going on. It was on their news." She jerked her head back at the Dursleys' dark living-room window. "I heard it. Flocks of owls… shooting stars…. Well, they're not completely stupid. They were bound to notice something. Shooting stars down in Kent — I'll bet that was Dedalus Diggle. He never had much sense." "You can't blame them," said Dumbledore gently. "We've had precious little to celebrate for eleven years." "I know that," said Professor McGonagall irritably. "But that's no reason to lose our heads. People are being downright careless, out on the streets in broad daylight, not even dressed in Muggle clothes, swapping rumors." She threw a sharp, sideways glance at Dumbledore here, as though hoping he was going to tell her something, but he didn't, so she went on. "A fine thing it would be if, on the very day You Know-Who seems to have disappeared at last, the Muggles found out about us all. I suppose he really has gone, Dumbledore?" "It certainly seems so," said Dumbledore. "We have much to be thankful for. Would you care for a lemon drop?" "A what?" "A lemon drop. They're a kind of Muggle sweet I'm rather fond of" "No, thank you," said Professor McGonagall coldly, as though she didn't think this was the moment for lemon drops. "As I say, even if You-Know-Who has gone -" "My dear Professor, surely a sensible person like yourself can call him by his name? All this 'You- Know-Who' nonsense — for eleven years I have been trying to persuade people to call him by his proper name: Voldemort." Professor McGonagall flinched, but Dumbledore, who was unsticking two lemon drops, seemed not to notice. "It all gets so confusing if we keep saying 'You-Know-Who.' I have never seen any reason to be frightened of saying Voldemort's name. "I know you haven 't, said Professor McGonagall, sounding half exasperated, half admiring. "But you're different. Everyone knows you're the only one You-Know- oh, all right, Voldemort, was frightened of." "You flatter me," said Dumbledore calmly. "Voldemort had powers I will never have." "Only because you're too — well — noble to use them." "It's lucky it's dark. I haven't blushed so much since Madam Pomfrey told me she liked my new earmuffs." Professor McGonagall shot a sharp look at Dumbledore and said, "The owls are nothing next to the rumors that are flying around. You know what everyone's saying? About why he's disappeared? About what finally stopped him?" It seemed that Professor McGonagall had reached the point she was most anxious to discuss, the real reason she had been waiting on a cold, hard wall all day, for neither as a cat nor as a woman had she fixed Dumbledore with such a piercing stare as she did now. It was plain that whatever "everyone" was saying, she was not going to believe it until Dumbledore told her it was true. Dumbledore, however, was choosing another lemon drop and did not answer.

stiffly - хладнокровно, натянутый brick - кирпичный feast - праздник sniff- сопение impatiently - нетерпеливо jerk - дёргать flock - стая sense - чувство blame - обвинять gentle - нежно precious little - очень мало lose heads - опускать руки downright -совершенно swapping rumor - сплетничать sharp - резко, ловко sideways - искоса glance - взгляд certainly -несомненно lemon drop -  лимонный леденец surely - наверняка sensible - разумный persuade - to ~ sb to do убеждать flinch - вздрагивать unsticking - распечатывать, расклеивать exasperate - изматывать, измотанный, уставший admiring - восхищённый flatter - льстить calmly - спокойно noble - благородный blush - краснеть shot - бросил reach - достигать anxious - тревожный piercing - пронзительный;  пронизывающий stare - взгляд plain - ясный

to be continiued...

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