Модальные глаголы
Сегодня мы рассмотрим употребление модальных глаголов, когда какой глагол употребляется. Мы уже знаем, что модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение к действию (возможность, вероятность или необходимость), поэтому не употребляются самостоятельно. В английском языке имеются три основных модальных глагола.

Can  (could - форма прошедшего времени) - могу (умею, физически могу сделать что-то)
He can speak English - Он может говорить по-английски

May (might - форма прошедшего времени) - могу (разрешено, есть возможность, предположение)
Этот глагол используется для того, чтобы попросить разрешение или дать разрешение (Можно взять? Вы можете взять)
You may take the book - Вы можете взять эту книгу

Must (формы прошедшего времени нет) - должен (нужно, необходимо, должно быть сделано что-то)
You must know English - Вы должны знать английский (это вам нужно)

Также в английском языке есть еще некоторые модальные глаголы, выражающие отношение  к действию
need - нужно.
You need not tell me about it. Тебе не нужно говорить мне об этом (я и сам знаю)
should - должен (не мешало бы сделать, следует сделать) Напоминает совет.
You should see her. - Тебе следует увидеть ее
ought to - следовало бы, выражает вежливое настояние.
You ought to be more attentive. - Тебе следовало бы быть более внимательным

Стоит заметить, что глаголы should и ought to являются более слабыми,
менее катигоричными формами долженствования, чем глагол must.

Industrial Centres and Ports of Great Britain.

England is a highly developed industrial country. London is the biggest city. It is important for products of all kinds including food, instrument engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, clothing, furniture and printing. It has some heavy engineering plants and several leading research establishments. London is a great port with many docks. It is also the centre of commerce.
North-west of London, in the midland counties (the Midlands) is a very important industrial district which is known as the "Black country". In Birmingham, the centre of this area, and in the manufacturing towns nearby, various goods are produced: machine tools, tubes, domestic metalware, rubber products, etc. The largest coal and iron fields in Britain are located in the Midlands. Further north is Manchester, one of the main centres for electrical and heavy engineering and for the production of a wide range of goods including computers, electronic equipment, petrochemicals, dye- stuffs and pharmaceuticals. The Manchester Ship Canal links Manchester with Liverpool, one of Britain's leading seaports. East of Manchester is the city of Sheffield, well known for its manufacture of high quality steels, tools and cutlery. A short railway journey to the north-east will take you from Manchester to Bradford, the commercial centre of the wool trade.
Further north is Newcastle situated on the North Sea coast, a city famous for its shipbuilding yards and its export of coal.
In Scotland, the richest part is that of the Lowlands. Here there are coal and iron fields. Glasgow is the largest city, seaport and trading centre of Scotland. North-east Scotland is now the centre of off-shore oil and gas industries.
Although Britain is a densely populated, industrialized country, agriculture is still one of its most important industries. Dairying is most common in the west of England, where the wetter climate encourages the. growth of good grass. Sheep and cattle are reared in the hilly and moorland areas of northern and south-western England. Its best farmland lies in the south-eastern plains.
The south of England is rural, with many fertile valleys and numerous hedges dividing the well- cultivated fields and pastures.
The south-eastern coast is well-known far its picturesque scenery and mild climate and a number of popular resorts. On the southern coast of England there are many large ports, among them: Southampton, Portsmouth, Plymouth.

Asking the directions

-Pardon me,sir.Could you tell me how to get to the bus terminal (post office,city hall,library etc.)? 
-Turn left(right)at the corner.
-Thank you. 
-You are welcome.

-I beg your pardon.Where's the nearest subway station(bus stop)?
-It's right down the street.

-it's three blocks from here.
-it's at the second corner.
-it's at the next corner.            

-What's the best way of getting to your place?
-Take the subway.Get off at Lincoln Center,turn right and walk two blocks.                                
-Good afternoon.I'd like to ask you  how to get to Brooklyn College?          
                                       
-Where are you starting from?          
- At Jackson Heights.               
-Roosevelt Avenue?                   
-That's correct.                      
-Take train number 7,get off at Times Square and transfer there  to train number 2. Get off at the   last stop.                            
-Is Brooklyn College within walking distance from there?                
-Yes,it is.                           
-Thank you.                            
-You are welcome.                      

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Alexander can't find his way to Edward's home.Edward gives him directions on the phone.                 

-Hi,Alexander.Where are you? At  the corner of Taylor Avenue and  Duke Street? Wait there.I'll be  there in five minutes.              
-It's not necessary. I drove the car from New Haven. Give me the directions. I'll find my way.                      
-All right. Go north on Duke Street  to Shore Drive. You can't miss the  large supermarket there. Turn left there.Continue on Stevenson Avenue to Fourth Street. Make a right turn and go to the middle of the block.  I'll wait for you in front of the house.
-I got it.See you soon,Edward.       
-I'm afraid we're lost.               
-We'd better ask for directions.       
-Okay.I'll ask at the next gas station. Stopping in front of a gas station:  -How do we get to York Village?       
-You're going west, but you should  be going east.                      
-Should we make a U-turn?        
-Yes. Make a U-turn and go straight.Then turn to the right at  the traffic lights. That's interstate 95. Take interstate 95 for about 15 miles    
and then get off at Roundview.You can't  miss your destination.             
-Thank you very much.    

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Idioms

eat ones words
Брать свои слова обратно

I told my boss that I would be leaving but later I had to eat my words and tell him that I wanted to stay.

finger in the pie
- participate in something that is happening
Активно учавствовать в том, что происходит.

He always tries to keep his finger in the pie so that he can control everything.

full of beans
- feel energetic, in high spirits
Быть полным энергии. Быть в духе

She is full of beans tonight and doesnt want to stop talking.

gravy train
- a job or work that pays more than it is worth
Работа, за которую платят больше, чем она того стоит

For many years his job was a real gravy train but now the company has become very strict and will not pay overtime.

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Anecdote
Apollo Mission and Mr. Gorsky

When Apollo Mission Astronaut Neil Armstrong first walked on the moon, he not only gave his famous "one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind" statement but followed it by several remarks, usual communication traffic between him,
the other astronauts and Mission Control. Just before he re-entered the lander, however, he made the remark
"Good luck Mr. Gorsky."
Many people at NASA thought it was a casual remark concerning some rival Soviet Cosmonaut. However, upon checking, there was
no Gorsky in either the Russian or American space programs.
Over the years many people questioned Armstrong as to what the "Good luck Mr. Gorsky" statement meant, but Armstrong always
just smiled. On July 5, 1995 in Tampa Bay FL, while answering questions following a speech, a reporter brought up the 26 year
old question to Armstrong.
This time he finally responded. Mr. Gorsky had finally died and so Neil Armstrong felt he could answer the question...

When he was a kid, he was playing baseball with a friend in the backyard. His friend hit a fly ball, which landed in the front
of his neighbor's bedroom window. His neighbors were Mr. & Mrs. Gorsky. As he leaned down to pick up the ball, young Armstrong
heard Mrs. Gorsky shouting at Mr. Gorsky. "Sex! You want oral sex?! You'll get oral sex when the kid next door walks on the
moon!"

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The Green Mile

1932 was the year of John Coffey. The details would be in the papers, still there for anyone who cared enough to look them out - someone with more energy than one very old man whittling away the end of his life in a Georgia nursing home. That was a hot fall, I remember that; very hot, indeed. October almost like August, and the warden's wife, Melinda, up in the hospital at Indianola for a spell. It was the fall I had the worst urinary infection of my life, not bad enough to put me in the hospital myself, but almost bad enough for me to wish I was dead every time I took a leak. It was the fall of Delacroix, the little half-bald Frenchman with the mouse, the one that came in the summer and did that cute trick with the spool. Mostly, though, it was the fall that John Coffey came to E Block, sentenced to death for the rape-murder of the Detterick twins. There were four or five guards on the block each shift, but a lot of them were floaters. Dean Stanton, Harry Terwilliger, and Brutus Howell (the men called him "Brutal," but it was a joke, he wouldn't hurt a fly unless he had to, in spite of his size) are all dead now, and so is Percy Wetmore, who really was brutal ... not to mention stupid. Percy had no business on E Block, where an ugly nature was useless and sometimes dangerous, but he was related to the governor by marriage, and so he stayed. It was Percy Wetmore who ushered Coffey onto the block, with the supposedly traditional cry of "Dead man walking! Dead man walking here!" It was still as hot as the hinges of hell, October or not. The door to the exercise yard opened, letting in a flood of brilliant light and the biggest man I've ever seen, except for some of the basketball fellows they have on the TV down in the "Resource Room" of this home for wayward droolers I've finished up in. He wore chains on his arms and across his water-barrel of a chest; he wore legirons on his ankles and shuffled a chain between them that sounded like cascading coins as it ran along the lime - colored corridor between the cells. Percy Wetmore was on one side of him, skinny little Harry Terwilliger was on the other, and they looked like children walking along with a captured bear. Even Brutus Howell looked like a kid next to Coffey, and Brutal was over six feet tall and broad as well, a football tackle who had gone on to play at LSU until he flunked out and came back home to the ridges. John Coffey was black, like most of the men who came to stay for awhile in E Block before dying in Old Sparky's lap, and he stood six feet, eight inches tall. He wasn't all willowy like the TV basketball fellows, though - he was broad in the shoulders and deep through the chest, laced over with muscle in every direction. They'd put him in the biggest denims they could find in Stores, and still the cuffs of the pants rode halfway up on his bunched and scarred calves. The shirt was open to below his chest, and the sleeves stopped somewhere on his forearms. He was holding his cap in one huge hand, which was just as well; perched on his bald mahogany ball of a head, it would have looked like the kind of cap an organgrinder's monkey wears, only blue instead of red. He looked like he could have snapped the chains that held him as easily as you might snap the ribbons on a Christmas present, but when you looked in his face, you knew he wasn't going to do anything like that. It wasn't dull-although that was what Percy thought, it wasn't long before Percy was calling him the ijit - but lost. He kept looking around as if to make out where he was. Maybe even who he was. My first thought was that he looked like a black Samson ... only after Delilah had shaved him smooth as her faithless little hand and taken all the fun out of him. "Dead man walking!" Percy trumpeted, hauling on that bear of a man's wristcuff, as if he really believed he could move him if Coffey decided he didn't want to move anymore on his own. Harry didn't say anything, but he looked embarrassed. "Dead man---!' 'That'll be enough of that," I said. I was in what was going to be Coffey's cell, sitting on his bunk. I'd known he was coming, of course, was there to welcome him and take charge of him, but had no idea of the man's pure size until I saw him. Percy gave me a look that said we all knew I was an asshole (except for the big dummy, of course, who only knew how to rape and murder little girls), but he didn't say anything. The three of them stopped outside the cell door, which was standing open on its track. I nodded to Harry, who said: "Are you sure you want to be in there with him, boss?" I didn't often hear Harry Terwilliger sound nervous - he'd been right there by my side during the riots of six or seven years before and had never wavered, even when the rumors that some of them had guns began to circulate - but he sounded nervous then. "Am I going to have any trouble with you, big boy?" I asked, sitting there on the bunk and trying not to look or sound as miserable as I felt-that urinary infection I mentioned earlier wasn't as bad as it eventually got, but it was no day at the beach, let me tell you.

to whittle away - уменьшать nursing home - частный дом (для престарелых). fall - здесь: осень indeed - конечно, безусловно warden  - комендант, начальник spell - период worst - наихудший urine - моча bald - лысый cute - милый spool - катушка rape- изнасилование murder - убийство (умышленное) shift -смена were floaters - были временными brutal - жестокий;  зверский, если по-нашему, то "монстр" in spite of - несмотря на usher sb onto - проводить as hot as the hinges of hell - пекло как в аду flood - поток wayward- своенравный drooler - слюнявый water - barrel - широченный legirons - оковы shuffle - волочить skinny - тощий captured - пойманный flunked out - здесь: списывать ridge - крыша; здесь:  то есть домой, в родные места awhile-недолго lap - колени willowy - гибкий lace - шнуровать denims - джинсы; здесь: роба cuffs of the pants rode halfway up - манжеты брюк доходили лишь до половины bunched - мощный scarred - в шрамах sleeve - рукав forearm - предплечье perched - надвинутая mahogany - цыета красного дерева organgrinder - шарманщик snapped - разрывать ribbon -лента dull - скучный ijit - идиот haul - таскать/тащить wristcuff - цепи на запястьях bunk - койка to take charge of - позаботиться о pure - истинный nod - кивать riot - беспорядки waver - дрогнуть miserable - скверно

to be continiued.........

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Harry Potter

"Sorry," he grunted, as the tiny old man stumbled and almost fell. It was a few seconds before Mr. Dursley realized that the man was wearing a violet cloak. He didn't seem at all upset at being almost knocked to the ground. On the contrary, his face split into a wide smile and he said in a squeaky voice that made passers-by stare, "Don't be sorry, my dear sir, for nothing could upset me today! Rejoice, for You-Know-Who has gone at last! Even Muggles like yourself should be celebrating, this happy, happy day!" And the old man hugged Mr. Dursley around the middle and walked off. Mr. Dursley stood rooted to the spot. He had been hugged by a complete stranger. He also thought he had been called a Muggle, whatever that was. He was rattled. He hurried to his car and set off for home, hoping he was imagining things, which he had never hoped before, because he didn't approve of imagination. As he pulled into the driveway of number four, the first thing he saw — and it didn't improve his mood — was the tabby cat he'd spotted that morning. It was now sitting on his garden wall. He was sure it was the same one; it had the same markings around its eyes. "Shoo!" said Mr. Dursley loudly. The cat didn't move. It just gave him a stern look. Was this normal cat behavior? Mr. Dursley wondered. Trying to pull himself together, he let himself into the house. He was still determined not to mention anything to his wife. Mrs. Dursley had had a nice, normal day. She told him over dinner all about Mrs. Next Door's problems with her daughter and how Dudley had learned a new word ("Won't!"). Mr. Dursley tried to act normally. When Dudley had been put to bed, he went into the living room in time to catch the last report on the evening news: "And finally, bird-watchers everywhere have reported that the nation's owls have been behaving very unusually today. Although owls normally hunt at night and are hardly ever seen in daylight, there have been hundreds of sightings of these birds flying in every direction since sunrise. Experts are unable to explain why the owls have suddenly changed their sleeping pattern." The newscaster allowed himself a grin. "Most mysterious. And now, over to Jim McGuffin with the weather. Going to be any more showers of owls tonight, Jim?" "Well, Ted," said the weatherman, "I don't know about that, but it's not only the owls that have been acting oddly today. Viewers as far apart as Kent, Yorkshire, and Dundee have been phoning in to tell me that instead of the rain I promised yesterday, they've had a downpour of shooting stars! Perhaps people have been celebrating Bonfire Night early — it's not until next week, folks! But I can promise a wet night tonight." Mr. Dursley sat frozen in his armchair. Shooting stars all over Britain? Owls flying by daylight? Mysterious people in cloaks all over the place? And a whisper, a whisper about the Potters… Mrs. Dursley came into the living room carrying two cups of tea. It was no good. He'd have to say something to her. He cleared his throat nervously. "Er — Petunia, dear — you haven't heard from your sister lately, have you?" As he had expected, Mrs. Dursley looked shocked and angry. After all, they normally pretended she didn't have a sister. "No," she said sharply. "Why?" "Funny stuff on the news," Mr. Dursley mumbled. "Owls… shooting stars… and there were a lot of funny-looking people in town today…" "So?" snapped Mrs. Dursley. "Well, I just thought… maybe… it was something to do with… you know… her crowd." Mrs. Dursley sipped her tea through pursed lips. Mr. Dursley wondered whether he dared tell her he'd heard the name "Potter." He decided he didn't dare. Instead he said, as casually as he could, "Their son — he'd be about Dudley's age now, wouldn't he?" "I suppose so," said Mrs. Dursley stiffly. "What's his name again? Howard, isn't it?" "Harry. Nasty, common name, if you ask me." "Oh, yes," said Mr. Dursley, his heart sinking horribly. "Yes, I quite agree."

grunt - бурчать tiny - крошечный tumble - спотыкаться;  натыкаться upset - расстраиваться split into a  smile - расплываться в улыбке squeak- скрипеть passer-by- прохожий rejoice  - ликовать Muggles - здесь: обычные люди, если кто видел фильм, тот понял. spot - пятнышко, место rattle -дребезжание;  громыхание approve- одобрять; утверждать improve - улучшать tabby - полосатый кот stern - строгий determine - решать bird-watchers - наблюдатели птиц behaving - поведение daylight - средь белого дня sight  - вид explain - объяснять pattern - манеры поведения newscaster -диктор (программы новостей) grin -ухмылка oddly - странно downpour - ливень whisper - шепот throat - горло pretend - притворяться sharply - резко stuff  - вeщи mumble - мямлить snap - прерывать crowd -толпа;  компания sip -маленький глоток пить маленькими глотками purse one's lips -поджимать губы dared tell - осмелиться сказать suppose - полагать nasty - противный stiffl - суровый sinking - опускающийся

to be continiued.........

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Ну вот и все.
До встречи и удачи вам!
Автор рассылки Ирина