Английская Грамматика

Когда существительное английского языка имеет при себе определение, выделяющее лицо или предмет из всех лиц или предметов данного класса, оно употребляется с определенным артиклем:

    The water inside the pipe does not meet the pressure of the air.

Когда определение выражено определительным придаточным предложением, причастным оборотом или предложным оборотом, то:

- при наличии ограничивающего определения существительное употребляется с определенным артиклем:   He knocked at the door of a very neat house.

     The things that I have come to me quite by accident.

     Show me the telegram which was received yesterday.

     This is the book you asked for.

- при наличии классифицирующего определения существительное в единственном числе употребляется с неопределенным артиклем, а во множественном числе - без артикля:

       A letter which is written in pencil is difficult to read.

       Vessels built for the transportation of oil are called tankers.

- описательное определение не влияет на выбор артикля, и существительное употребляется с определенным или неопределенным артиклем или с местоимениями some, any на основании общих правил:   I went to the door where they were waiting for us.

 Last summer I spent in a small village, which I thought to be a nice place to live in.

       We have ordered some engines of 2,000 H.P. each.

В сочетании “существительное + of + существительное” употребление артиклей зависит от того, говорится ли о знакомом предмете или лице, о ситуативно определенных предметах или лицах. Сравните:

a book of a student            (одна из книг какого-то студента)          

the books of a student        (эти книги какого-то студента)

a book of the student          (одна из книг знакомого студента)

the books of the student     (эти книги знакомого студента)

the book of the student      (эта книга знакомого студента)

the books of students         (эти книги каких-то студентов)

Упр.1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

a. работа какого-то автора; знание какого-либо предмета; статьи какого-либо ученого; эти данные авторов; студенты какого-либо университета; человек науки; учитель математики.

b. горы Крыма; металлы Урала; электростанции на Ангаре; Академия Наук Украины; леса Сибири; многие зоны (area) нашей планеты.

c. история искусства; прогресс науки; важность образования; степень (degree) кандидата наук; формы растительной жизни (vegetable life); интерес к (for) экологии; население планеты.

d. вагоны поезда; средства транспорта; цель (perpose) визита; служащие (clerk) гостиницы.

Упр.2. Поставьте английский артикль, где необходимо.

a.      ___ chair on which you are sitting is not comfortable.

b.     There is ___ man waiting to see Mr Smith.

c.      ___ man whom Mr Smith telephoned this morning is here now.

d.     I should like to find ___ good book to read tonight.

e.      ___  book which I am reading now is a very good one.

f.       ___  book which gave me the greatest pleasure was “War and Peace”.

g.      Have you ___ cigarette?

h.      John threw away ___ cigarette he was smoking.

i.        Peter put ___ letter he had just received into his pocket.

I must write ___ letter.

Упр.3. Поставьте артикль английского языка, где необходимо.

a.      Number ___ hundred and two, ___ house next door to us, is for sale. It’s quite ___ nice house with ___ big rooms. ___ back windows look out on ___ park.

b.     Professor Jones, ___ man who discovered ___ new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give ___ press conference.

c.      Peter Piper, ___ student in ____ professor’s college, asked him why he refused to talk to ___ press.

d.     ___ ship you were speaking about has just come onto ___ port. She has been at ___ sea for ___ long time. Look: ____ captain has just come on ___ deck.

Упр.4. Поставьте артикль английского языка, где необходимо.

a.      This is a rather crude criterion of ___ purity.

b.     The technique of ___ paper chromatography was cited above.

c.      The temperature of ___ solution should be controlled within half a degree or so.

d.     Addition of, say, ___ halogen molecule to benzene leads to a dihydrobenzene derivative.

e.      Proof of ___ formula for d-galactose is too involved to be given here.

f.       The direction of ___ rearrangement will depend on two matters, which have to be taken in order.

g.      In the light of ___ present-day knowledge of ___ molecular structure, much of this material is now incorrect.

h      The hypothesis of ___ intermediate compound formation traces its origin as back as 1808.

Упр.1. the (a) work of an author; the knowledge of a subject; the (-) articles of a scientist; the data of the authors; the students of a university; a man of science; the (a) teacher of mathematics.

b. the mountains of the Crimea; the metals of the Urals; the electric power stations on the Angara; the Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine; the  forests of Siberia; many areas of our planet.

c. the history of Art; the progress of science; the importance of education; the doctor's degree; the forms of vegetable life; the interest for ecology; the population of the planet.

d. the (-)  cars of the (a) train; means of transport; the purpose of the visit; the clerks of the (a) hotel.

Упр.2.  a. the; b. a; c. the; d. a; e. the; f. the; g. a; h. the; i. the; j. a.

Упр.3.

a.      Number hundred and two, the house next door to us, is for sale. It’s quite a nice house with big rooms, the back windows look out on the park.

b.     Professor Jones, the man who discovered the new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give a press conference.

c.      Peter Piper, a student in the professor’s college, asked him why he refused to talk to the press.

d.     The ship you were speaking about has just come onto the port. She has been at sea for a long time. Look: the captain has just come on deck.

Упр.4.   a. -; b. -; c. the; d. a; e. the; f. the; g. the, -; h. -.