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Курсы английского: изучение английского онлайн. Модальные глаголы английского.


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Изучение английского через интернет: Курсы английского

Изучение английского онлайн : онлайн уроки, тесты, грамматика

 

 

Добрый день дорогие друзья.

В сегодняшнем номере рассылки "Курсы английского: изучение английского онлайн" мы продолжим рассматривать тему  Модальные глаголы английского языка

 

Английская грамматика

Таблица случаев употребления модальных глаголов английского языка, их эквивалентов и вспомогательных глаголов в модальном значении

Значение глагола

Форма глагола в настоящем (будущем) времени

Форма глагола в прошедшем времени

1.Должествование, обязанность, необходимость

а. Сильная степень

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

b.Более слабая степень, совет

 

 

 

 

c. По расписанию или по договоренности

 

 

 

 

2. Запрет

 

 

 

 

 

3. Отсутствие необходимости.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 4.  Способность

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.  Разрешение, позволение

 

 

 

 

 

6.  Вероятность событий

 

a. Абсолютная уверенность

 

 

 

 

 

 b. Наиболее логичная интерпретация ситуации на основе имеющихся фактов, несколько менее определенная, чем в предыдущем случае.

 

 

c. Обоснованное ожидание того, что что-то случиться при условии, что все произойдет по плану.

 

 

 

 

d. Невысокая вероятность события.

 

 

 

e. Еще меньшая уверенность в предположении.

 

 

 

 

7.  Просьба.

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.  Предложение.

 

 

 

 

 

9.  Намерение, неизбежность

 

 

10. Упрек.

 

 

 

 

Must (в случае личной необходимости что-либо сделать): I must work harder.

Have to (в силу общих норм и правил): To become Doctor of Science every post graduate has to defend his thesis.

 

 

 

 

 

Should, shouldn’t, ought to, (had better): You should avoid doing some things contradicting common sense.

 

 

 

Is (am, are) to:

The train is to arrive at 7 a.m.

If we are to profit we have to develop our own ways to succeed.

 

 

Mustn’t, can’t:

You mustn’t tell somebody the news. It’s a secret.

You can’t smoke here. It’s not allowed.

 

 

Don’t have to, needn’t:

Students don’t have to learn any tables by heart. They have to be able to find necessary information there.

I needn’t go out tonight.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Can, can’t:

She can read English quickly but she can’t speak English fluently.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Can, may, could:

When you’ve finished you can go home.

May I ask you a question?

Could I use your dictionary for a moment?

 

 

 

 Will, won’t:

Is that the phone? It’ll be John. He said he’d ring around now.

Don’t take the cake out of the oven. It won’t be ready yet.

 

 

 

Must, can’t, couldn’t:

You must be joking. I don’t believe you.

She can’t be well today. She had a sore throat and high temperature yesterday.

 

Should, shouldn’t:

We should be moving into our new house soon (as long as all the arrangements go smoothly).

This homework shouldn’t take you too long (if you ‘ve understood what you have to do)

 

 

May, may not:

We may go to Greece for our holidays, but we  may not have enough money to go abroad this summer.

 

Might, might not, could:

You could (might) be right but I doubt it.

The American film could be worth seeing but it might not be admirable.

 

 

Could, can, would, will:

Can you lend me 5 pounds until tomorrow?

Will you give me a lift?

Could (would) you explain this rule for me?

 

 

 

Will, shall:

- What shall I do for you?

- I want someone to do a lot of typing for me.

- Will I do?

 

Will, won’t:

I’ll pay back tomorrow.

The car won’t start.

 

Might, could:

He could be more industrious.

You might at least offer her help.

 

 

 

Had to:

I had to work hard to pass the 1st Certificate English exam.

Why did you have to re-sit your exam in economics?

 

 

 

 

 

Should, ought to + have done:

You should have listened to my advice.

 

 

 

 

Was (were) to:

He was to come but he failed.

 

 

 

 

                  

---

 

 

 

 Didn’t have to, needn’t + have done:

There is no queue  in the bank this morning so I didn’t have to wait.

Needn’t + have done (действие было совершено, хотя в этом не было необходимости): You needn’t have bought the book. We have got enough copies in the library.

Didn’t need to (do) (действие не было необходимым, но мы не знаем, было оно фактически совершено или нет):

I didn’t need to do any shopping because I was invited to a dinner that night.

 

 

 

 

Could:

She could play the piano when she was three.

Was (were) able to, managed to (для выражения того, что однажды удалось в прошлом): A.S.Griboedov was able to enter Moscow University when he was 13.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Was (were) allowed to:

I was allowed to do whatever I wanted when I was young.

 

 

 

 

 

 Will (would), won’t (wouldn’t)  + have done:

You say you stayed in a hotel near the lake? That would have been my parent’s hotel! What a coincidence!

It won’t have been Peter you met at the party last night. He was ill in bed.

 

 

Must, can’t  + have done:

He must have got lost. He can’t have known the way.

 

 

 

 Should + have done:

Where’s Henry? He should have been here ages ago!

 

 

 

 

 

 May, may not + have done:

Where is Ann? She may have overslept.

 

 

 Might, might not, could + have done:

She might have decided not to come.

She might not have forgotten.

 

 

                   

   ---

 

 

 

 

 

 

                    

   ---

 

 

 

 

 

Wouldn’t:

He was angry because she wouldn’t lend him any money.

 

Could (might) + have done:

You could (might) have done it yesterday.

He could not (might not) have sent this cable.

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