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English-подготовка к тестированию за 2 года

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krutayababka

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Could и could have done


_English_: Подготовка к тестированию
за 2 года
  Выпуск No40 (41) от 2008-09-06
Подписчиков: 1215 чел.
Здравствуйте!

 Продолжим работу с модальными глаголами.
COULD /DO/ AND COULD HAVE /DONE/.
We sometimes use COULD to talk  about  possible  actions,  espessially when we make suggestions:
What  shall we do this evening? We could go ( мы могли бы- вы предлагаете) to the cinema.
Can is also possible in these sentences.

We also  use COULD to talk about possible future happenings:
There could be another rise in  the  price  of  petrol  soon.=  It  is possible that  there will be.

Sometimes COULD means would be able to:
WHY DOESN'T TOM APPLY FOR THE JOB? HE COULD GET IT. ( он смог бы ее получить).
I don't know how she works 14 hours a day. I couldn't do it.
А теперь внимание!!!

The past of COULD /DO/ is COULD HAVE /DONE/ . We use  COULD HAVE/ DONE/ to say that we had the ability or the opportunity to do something  but did not do it.
У нас была возможность что-то сделать ,но мы не сделали.

We didn't go out last night. We could have gone to the cinema  but  we decided to stay at home./ We had the opportunity  to  go  out  but  we didn't./
Why did you stay at a hotel in New York? You could  have  stayed  with Linda.

We also use COULD HAVE  DONE to say something was a  possibility  but DIDN'T happen.
He was lucky when he fell off the ladder. He could have hurt himself.
When I went to New York last year, I decided not to stay with Linda. Later I found out that she was away while I was there , so I  couldn't have stayed with her anyway.
Ann did really well to pass the examination. It was really difficult. I'm sure I couldn't have passed it.
Это очень трудный момент для многих. Но постарайтесь понять и запомнить.

А теперь небольшой текст и задания к нему.


CLINTON'S TRAIN
Clinton's hands rested on the power-handle of the electric train, pressing it down. If he lifted them the 'Dead Man's Handle' would rise and stop the train: stop it suddenly. Clinton had never yet heard of a driver who had died at his post, but the handle would save the train if such a thing ever happened.
Through the window in front his cool eyes watched the lines racing towards him; green signals rushed nearer and passed. He looked at the finger on the instrument below the window. It pointed to 68.
Clinton usually travelled at sixty-eight miles an hour on this part of the line. Further along he would reduce the speed to fifty-five, and later increase it again.This was his regular habit, and he nearly always drew into Brighton station as the hands of the clock pointed exactly to the hour. Today, so far he could judge, he was only half a minute behind time. He did not want to be late: it gave him a good deal of personal satisfaction to arrive at the right moment. Besides, it was a famous train: all the passengers depended on its arrival exactly at the minute. He thought of the people in the crowded train behind him: all the doctors and nurses, the business-men, the holiday-makers. He used to watch them leaving the station at Brighton, carrying away safely all the plans, all the ideas and troubles in their interesting heads.
 Choose the best answer.
1.    Why is this handle called (Dead Man's Handle'?
A   It has to be pressed down if the driver dies.
В    It stops the train suddenly, when something happens.
С   It switches the electric power on and off.
D   It will stop the train if the driver dies.
2.    The word 'cool' in line 6 implies that
A   Clinton's eyes were rather cold. В    Clinton was calm. С   Clinton was nervous. D   Clinton was not warm.
3.    The 'finger' in line 8 belonged to
A   Clinton.
В    the power-handle.
С    the driver.
D   the speedometer.
4.    At which of the following possible times should the train arrive at the
Brighton-station ?
A 18.00 В 18.15 С 18.3.0 D    18.55
5.    Why didn't Clinton want to be late?
A   He felt good when he was on time.
В    Не got a fine when not on time.
С    Не got a fine when on time.
D   He got a good deal of money when on time.
 Choose the correct translation.
6. If he lifted them the 'Dead Man's Handle' would rise and stop th train: stop it suddenly.
А   Если бы он поднял их (руки), автоматический тормоз поднялся
бы и остановил поезд, остановил бы внезапно.
В    Если он поднимет их (руки), автоматический тормоз поднимется и остановит поезд, остановит навсегда.
 С    Если бы он поднял их (руки), сработал   бы переключатель
тока и остановил поезд, остановил бы внезапно.
D   Если он поднимет их (руки), «мертвецкая рукоятка» поднимется
и остановит поезд, остановит внезапно.
True or false.
1.    This time Clinton felt very bad as his hands rested on the power
handle.
2.    The handle would save the train in case  something terrible  hap
pened to a driver.
3.    Clinton didn't want to be late because his boss would surely dis
miss him.
Complete each sentence with one of the endings
1.    Clinton usually travelled...
2.    It was a famous train...
3.    Clinton had never yet heard of a driver who had died at his post,
but the handle would save...
4.    Clinton's hands rested on...
5.    He thought of the people in the crowded train behind him...
A    ...the train if such a thing ever happened.
В    ...at sixty-eight miles an hour on this part of the line.
С    ...all the doctors and nurses, the business-men.
D    ...all the passengers depended on its arrival exactly at the minute.
E    ...the power-handle of the electric train, pressing it down.

Дружественные  нам рассылки:
Параллельные тексты в формате Драгункина http://subscribe.ru/catalog/job.lang.ptlib


Математика. Подготовка к ЕГЭ и ЕНТ

http://subscribe.ru/archive/job.education.egeent

"Размышления замужней женщины" http://subscribe.ru/archive/rest.love.semia1/

Не забывайте, что у меня есть рассылка  «"Заготовь быстро и просто овощи, фрукты." http://subscribe.ru/catalog/home.eat.zagotovegetable
Желаю успеха!

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Sobolevskaya@tut.by

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