Мы живем в одной большой игре
и еще раз убеждаемся в гениальной правде высказывания великого Шекспира'Весь мир - театр, а
люди в нем актеры'.
Сегодня в номере:
Английская литература 16 - 17 веков.
Английский
драматург, писатель и поэт. Родился 23 апреля 1564 года в Стрэтфорде (Stratford-on-Avon). Его
мать, Мария Арден (Mary Arden), была дочерью Роберта Ардена - (Robert Arden), фермера в
Вилмкоте (Wilmcote),а его отец Джон Шекспир (John Shakespeare), был продавцом шерсти и
стал мэром Стрэтфорда в 1568 году. William Shakespeare is generally regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist of English literature. He wrote 37 plays which continue to be read widely and produced frequently throughout the world.
Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" is one of the most popular of love story.
Juliet: My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep; The more I give to thee, The more I have, For both are infinity.
"Hamlet" is the most famous play in the English language. For the mass of readers and of playgoers it has no rival, even among
Shakespeare's works.
Hamlet: To be, or not to
be: that is the question: Быть или не быть: вот в чём вопрос: Whether't is nobler in the mind to suffer Достойно
ль смиряться под ударами судьбы The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Иль надо оказать сопротивленье Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, И в смертной схватке с целым морем бед And
by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; Покончить с ними? Умереть.
Забыться. No more;ans by a sleep to say we end И знать, что этим обрываешь цепь The heart-ache and
the thousand natural shocks Сердечных мук и тысячи лишений, That flesh is heir to, it is a consummation Присущих телу.
Это ли не цель Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep... Желанная? Скончаться. Сном забыться...
Выражения, вошедшие в английский язык из
произведений У. Шекспира
"To be, or not to be" ("Бытьилинебыть - [таковвопрос]" -переводМ.Лозинского), words from the play
"Hamlet". They begin a famous speech by Prince Hamlet in which he considers suicide as an escape, from his troubles: "To be,
or not to be: that is the question".
"Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow" ("Завтра, завтра, завтра,- (адни .ползут, ивотужв, книгежизничитаеммыпоследнийслог...]" - переводЮ. Корнеева), a line from the play "Macbeth", spoken by the title character after he learns of Ills wife's
death. The speech begins:
Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in this pretty pace from day to day, To the last syllable of recorded time...
"Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?" ("Ромео! Ромео, озачемжетыРомео!"
- переводТ. Щепкиной-Куперник), words' from the play "Romeo and
Juliet". ("Wherefore" means "why".) Juliet is lamenting Romeo's name, alluding to the feud between their two
families. (See: "What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.")
"Alas, poor Yorick" ("Увы, бедныйЙорик" - переводМ. Лозинского), words from the play "Hamlet". Hamlet says this in a graveyard as he meditates
upon the skull of Yorick, a court jester he had known and liked as a child. Hamlet goes on to say that though "my lady" may put on
"paint (make-up) an inch thick, to this favour (condition) she must come".
"Alt the world's a stage", and all the men and women merely players" ("Весьмир - театр. Внемженщины, мужчины - всеактеры" - переводТ. Щепкиной-Куперник), the beginning of speech in
the play "As You Like It". It Is also called "The Seven Ages of Man", since It treats that' many periods in a man's
life: his years as infant, schoolboy, lover, soldier, judge, foolish old man, and finally "second childishness and mere oblivion".
"Fear not till BIrnam Wood do come to
Dunslnane" ("ПоканаДунсинанскийхолмвпоходБирнамскийлес~деревьянепошлет, Макбетнесокрушим" - переводЮ. Корнеева), a prophecy made by witches to Macbeth In the play "Macbeth". Later in the play, Macbeth's
enemies advance on the hill-of Dunsinane, his stronghold, camouflaged by tree branches they have cut from the Forest of Birnam. Macbeth sees
Birnam Wood, moving as prophesied, and realizes that he will soon die.
"Brutus is an honourable man" ("Онримлянинбылсамыйблагородный" - переводМ.3енкевича), a statement made several times' in a speech by Mark Antony in the play "Julius Caesar". The
speech is Antony's funeral oration over Caesar, whom Brutus has helped kill. "Brutus is an honourable man" is ironic, since Antony
is attempting to portray Brutus as ungrateful and treacherous. He succeeds in turning the Roman people against Brutus and the other
assassins.
"There's a divinity that shapes our ends" ("...тобожествонамерениянашидовершает" - переводМ. Лозинского), a line spoken by the title -character in the play "Hamlet". In referring to a
divine power that Influences human affairs, ll.inilrl Is ilcfcnding a decision he made suddenly, and is questioning the need for careful
planning in all circumstances.
"Et tu, Brute?"("И ты, о Брут!" - перевод . М. Зенкевича), a Latin sentence meaning
"Even you, Brutus?" from the play "Julius Caesar". Caesar utters these words as he is being stabbed to death, having
recognized his friend Brutus among the assassins.
"Et tu, Brute?" is used to express surprise and dismay at the treachery of a supposed friend.
"Every Inch a king" ("Король, король - отголовыдоног" - переводТ. Щипкиной-Купер-ник), a phrase used by the
title character in the play "King Lear" to describe himself to his friend, the earl of Gloucester. The situation is ironic; Lear
Is raving over his deprivation and is wearing weeds.
"Friends,
Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears"
("Друзья,
сограждане,
внемлитемне"
- переводМ.
Зенкевича),
the first line of a speech from the play "Julius Caesar". Mark Antony addresses the crowd at Caesar's funeral: Friends, Romans,
countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them, The good is oft
interred with their bones...
"If music be the food of love, play
on" ("Омузыка, тыпищадлялюбви! Играйтеже, [любовь. моюнасытьте]" -
переводЭ. Линецкой), the first line of the play "Twelfth Night".
The speaker is asking for music because he is frustrated in courtship; he wants an overabundance of love so that he may lose his appetite
for it.