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Английский Хронограф 83


  

Английский Хронограф

Выпуск 83 04 декабря 2008г. описание форум архив e-mail

January 04

Biography of the Day

Sir Isaac Newton dispersing sunlight through a prism, coloured engraving, 19th century.
Sir Isaac Newton dispersing sunlight through a prism, coloured engraving, 19th century.
 Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton, born in England this day in 1643, was a leader of the scientific revolution whose Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) is among the most important single works in the history of modern science.

This Day in History

Aung San, 1947.
Aung San, 1947.
Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis
 
 1948: Burma granted independence
On this day in 1948, the Southeast Asian nation of Burma (Myanmar) formally gained independence, completing the transfer of power negotiated by Burmese leader Aung San and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee in 1947.
 
1965:
T.S. Eliot.American-English author T.S. Eliot died in London.
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
1941: Henri Bergson

Death of Henri Bergson

In his books and in his immensely popular and well attended lectures, he later negated the importance of logical thought. Instead, he regarded so-called "voluntative intuition" as the highest form of intellectual understanding.

Henri Bergson’s father was a successful Polish musician, his mother was of English-Irish descent. Bergson spent his entire life in France. Born in Paris, he attended school there and then went on to the University of Paris. He began his professional career as a school teacher. He also published essays, which soon attracted a great deal of attention.

At thirty-two, Bergson married a cousin of Marcel Proust’s. It was Bergson, who gave Proust the idea to write a novel about remembering. Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu, was in fact inspired by Bergson.

In 1900, Bergson published Le Rire, entitled Laughter in English. It is neither his most important nor his best work, but without a doubt his most famous. Arthur Koestler, for example, said that this book was just as important to him as Freud’s classic Wit and its Relations to the Unconscious. Bergson, who regarded laughter as a form of corrective social punishment, defined comedy as follows:

"A situation is always comic when we are simultaneously part of two events that are fully independent of one another that can be interpreted in two completely different ways."

Bergson also emphasized the social meaning of wit. In his book Le Rire he writes:

"It appears as if our laughter needs an echo. Our laughter is always the laughter of a group." According to Bergson, our motive to be amusing and make others laugh is not always an honorable one. "In laughter we always find an unavowed intention to humiliate and consequently to correct our neighbor."

Bergson was interested in more than the humanities, however. The universally educated philosopher also studied physics, among other subjects, and publicly disagreed with Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity in a debate that attracted a great deal of attention.

His lectures and books such as Time and Free Will and Creative Evolution were the basis of Bergson’s greatest success. As a result of these achievements, Bergson became a professor of philosophy in 1900 and was appointed to the Académie Française in 1914.

From 1921, Bergson increasingly started to withdraw from public life. He gave up his philosophy professorship at the Collège de France and devoted himself to political and moral issues. His only work published during this period is the book The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. The reasons for his interest in religion were very private. Born a Jew, Bergson had felt attracted to the Christian faith for many years. He now took the decisive step and converted to Catholicism.

Towards the end of his life, however, Bergson once again openly professed his Jewish roots. Over eighty years old and weakened by illness, this was his form of protest against the French Vichy regime that had entered into a pact with Nazi Germany.

Henri Bergson suffered terribly from arthritis in his final years and died of bronchitis in Paris on January 4, 1941.
 
1935:
Floyd Patterson (upright) fighting Tom McNeeley, 1961.American professional boxer Floyd Patterson was born in Waco, North Carolina.
 
 
 
1880:

Mountain Climber Conquers Chimborazo

The British researcher and mountain climber Edward Whymper was the first person to reach the summit of the Chimborazo in the Andes (6,310 meters/20,702 feet). Whymper had already been the first to conquer the Matterhorn in Switzerland (4,478 meters/14,691 feet). "Chimborazo" can have several meanings. It was the name of a deity among the Incas. Alternatively, “chimbo” can mean “protected area” or “other side” while “rassa” means “snow.” Taken as a whole, these components make up “snow on the other side.”

 

1809: Louis Braille, portrait bust by an unknown artist.French educator Louis Braille, who developed a system of printing and writing that is extensively used by the blind and that was named for him, was born near Paris.
 
1785:

Jacob (right) and Wilhelm GrimmBorn this day,  Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (†20.9.1863) was German linguist and professor of literature. Jacob Grimm was born in Hanau am Main on January 4, 1785. Jacob and his brother Wilhelm were the founders of German philology. The stories and fairy tales published by the Grimm brothers are still enjoyed by children and adults alike today. The Grimms were professors at the University of Kassel until they were banished from the country as a result of their participation in the protest of the so-called "Göttinger Seven."

 
 
 

 


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